Swissair alliances case study free essay sample

The Swiss Air Transport Co. Ltd. , was founded in 1931 to fly between Switzerland and a handful of central European locations. By 1949, the company had become the Swiss flag airline, and had inaugurated long-haul intercontinental service over the North Atlantic. By 1970, Swissair also served destinations in Asia, Africa, and South America. In 1990, Swissair was among the top 20 airlines in international revenue-passenger-kilometers flown and among the top ten in international passengers carried. The carrier had revenues of $2. 2 billion in 1989, with strong enough cash flow to self-finance between 50% to 100% of its expenditure for aircraft and other capital equipment each year. It owned several subsidiaries, including two charter airlines and the largest travel agent in Switzerland. Unlike many of its European competitors, Swissair was not owned by the national government. Only about 22% of its equity was owned by various Swiss authorities. Swissair’s main hub was Zurich’s Kloten airport with European traffic also routed through Geneva. We will write a custom essay sample on Swissair alliances case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About 7 million people lived in Switzerland, Its two major cities, Zurich and Geneva, were important global business and financial centers, helping Switzerland become the wealthiest nation, per capital, in Europe. Switzerland’s gross domestic product was forecast to reach nearly $175 billion in 1990, having grown steadily at between 2% and 3% per year over the previous five years. Labor markets were extremely tight in Switzerland during the period, with unemployment as low as 0. 5%. Despite this, Swiss inflation was low and stable; prices rose an average of 2% per year in the 1908s. Although Switzerland had not joined the European Community (EC), almost 60% of imports and over 70% of exports were traded with the European neighbors. Swissair’s route structure in 1990 consisted of flights to over 100 destinations. Most flights were â€Å"short hauls† within Europe (Swissair carried 5. 9% of European traffic in 1990) but it also flew to destinations on every continent except Australia. Government approved prices for short haul flights between Western Europe and Switzerland were among the most expensive in Europe. Swissair concentrated on attracting international business travelers. Despite high fares, 5. 4% of passengers travelled first class on Swissair, compared to 2% for the average European airline. Similarly, 38. 5% of Swissair’s passengers flew full fare economy, while 34. 8% did so on the average European carries. Swissair repeatedly won awards and strong praise from the air transport and business media for excellence in customer service and overall product superiority. Swissair faced higher wages and operating costs than most other European airlines. The 1000 pilots and flight engineers bargained collectively, as did the 2500 flight attendants. Swissair invested heavily in aircraft maintenance. They sell their planes very young (average age for a Swissair plane was 7 years in 1990, compared to an industry average of 12 years). Like most major international airlines, Swissair also invested heavily in computerized reservation systems (CRSs) during the 1980s; it cost Swissair SFR 20 million (about $16 million) in 1989. In 1989, there were 157 member airlines in the International Air Transport Association (IATA). They transported approximately 858 million passengers in 1989, of which 25% flew internationally. Operating revenues of the world’s airlines had grown 10. 1% annually between 1984 and 1989. Reaching $182. 5 billion in 1989. In fact, by 1990, limited global deregulation became a reality: governments of many industrialized nations in Europe and Asia were loosening restrictions on operating rights and fare pricing, while retaining regulation of traffic safety and security. Swissair’s management viewed its primary competition as large quality-oriented European firms. They were Air France, Lufthansa, British Air, KLM, and SAS. The European Community passed the single European Act in 1985, they set in motion plans to integrate the area into a single, unified trading zone, with reduced regulation by the end of 1992. They will have a home market of 350 million, compared to our seven million. Negotiations on tariffs, market access, and capacity will be lopsided and we will be over a barrel. In March 1989, Swissair and Delta signed an agreement for transatlantic cooperation. Swissair and SAS signed a cooperation agreement which led to the formation of the European quality alliance with Austrian Airlines and Finnair in October 1989. II. Environment Analysis A- General Environment GENERAL ENVIRONMENT FORCES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Socio-demo-cultural 1. The customers are willing to pay high fares. 2. Swiss inflation was low and stable; prices raised an average of 2% per year in the 1908s. 1. As a small country, Switzerland has 7 million people who lived in Switzerland. Technological 1. Using Computerized Reservation System (CRSs) were the chief methods by which airlines influenced the air carrier selections of travel agents and passengers. Economic 1. Switzerland’s gross domestic product was forecast to reach nearly $175 billion in 1990, having grown steadily at between 2% and 3% per year over the previous five years. 2. Although Switzerland had not joined the European Community (EC), almost 60% of imports and over 70% of exports were traded with the European neighbors. 1. Airlines had almost no leverage vis-a-vis fuel suppliers in the short-term, for airlines had no way to control the price, or their consumption, of fuel. Politico-legal 1. Government approved prices for short haul flights between Western Europe and Switzerland B. Industry Environment ENVIRONMENT FORCES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Rivalry among competing firms 1. 2. 1. In 1989, there were 157 member airlines in the International Air Transport Association (IATA). 2. Swissair had higher fare compared with other Airlines Economic 1. 3. Operating revenues of the world’s airlines had grown 10. 1% annually between 1984 and 1989. Reaching $182. 5 billion in 1989. 2. In fact, by 1990, limited global deregulation became a reality: governments of many industrialized nations in Europe and Asia were loosening restrictions on operating rights and fare pricing. 1. 2. n. Bargaining power of suppliers 1. 2. 1. Limited bargaining power with aircraft suppliers. 2. C– Internal Environment FUNCTIONAL AREAS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Finance 1. Swissair had revenues amounting to more than $3 billion in 1989. The company also had strong cash flows to self-finance its aircraft expenditures and capital equipment. 2. Willingness of its passengers to pay premium fares in exchange for its excellent carrier services were among the main reason for the company’s financial strength. 1. Swissair had low profitability ratios compared with other airlines such as return on assets was 1. 6% and return on equity was 6. 59%. Marketing 1. Strong in marketing poisoning as ‘one of the premier air carriers in the world†. Production Operations 1. By 1949, the company had become the Swiss flag airline 2. Swissair was also undeniably superior as compared to most of its competitors. 3. Provided high quality services. 1. Swissair is mainly short-haul routes; number of long-haul routes is few. Organization and Management 1. Swissair was strong line-up of customer service, technical and maintenance staff (pilots, flight attendants, flight engineers, ground personnel,.. ). 1. High cost structure of its wages and operations. 2. Swissair’s management was also too centralized as all decisions were being made in Zurich. III. Assumptions 1. General environment stability Based on the facts identified in the case study, it would be safe to assume that Swissair was part of a general environment that was relatively stable economically and politically. As part of a country with an unemployment rate that was almost zero percent, a low and stable inflation rate and a profitable business environment, Swissair had all the opportunities to expand its business and go beyond its geographic limits to tap new markets and strengthen its position in its existing customer bases. 2. Industry Growth Prospect The case study facts emphasized the consistent travel demand growth in the airline industry that has been happening for many decades since Swissair was founded. Thus, it would be safe to assume that the industry growth will continuously transpire for many more years and will open up more opportunities for international air carrier companies such as Swissair to expand their business. The travel demand growth will more likely continue as the population expands which will further strengthen the airline industry business. However, more intense competition will more likely be stirred up among the different international air carrier companies. 3. Financial strength of the company During the latter part of 1980s, Swissair had revenues amounting to more than $2 billion dollars. The company also had strong cash flows to self-finance its aircraft expenditures and capital equipment. The strong customer service reputation of Swissair and the willingness of its passengers to pay premium fares in exchange for its excellent carrier services were among the main reasons for the company’s financial strength. One solid proof of the strong financial capabilities of Swissair was its initiative in forming several global and intercontinental alliances with other international air carrier companies. Given these facts, it would be logical to assume that Swissair’s act of establishing global alliances was driven not by the need to become financially strong but to maintain and further establish its financial strength and strong competitive position in the airline industry in the long run. However, Swissair had low profitability ratios compared to other airlines such as return on asset was only 1. 60% and the return on equity was 6. 59%. I. Liquidity Measurement Ratio 1. Current Ratio: CR = Current Assets/Current Liabilities II. Profitability indicator ratios: 1. Return On Assets ROA = Net Income/Average Total Assets 2. Return On Equity Return on Equity = Net Income/ Average Shareholders’ Equity Swissair Delta SIA SAS American United BA Lufthansa JAL 1. Current Ratio 1. 94 0. 56 1. 57 1. 51 0. 60 0. 85 0. 49 NA 1. 16 2. Return On Assets 1. 60% 4. 19% 14. 58% NA 4. 18% 4. 50% 5. 09% 1. 10% 1. 60% 3. Return On Equity 6. 59% 11. 67% 21. 83% NA 12. 08% 20. 72% 24. 45% 3. 78% 7. 24% I. Problem Statement Swissair faced several challenges and obstacles in confronting the new competitive environment that emerged in the early 1990s. The first important issue that Swissair encountered was the global deregulation which drove governments in Asian and European nations to loosen their restrictions on operating rights and fare pricing. The new policy implemented by ASA (aviation service agreement) imposed restrictions on international air carriers such as Swissair in operating within another country’s domestic borders. Through ASA’s new policy, Swissair was no longer allowed to fly and operate domestic flights within the United States (e. g. , flights from New York to Boston) although it maintained international flights from Zurich to any point in the United States and vice-versa. Thus, Swissair’s operations became limited and its profitability was adversely affected. Another significant issue that was faced by Swissair was the rise of a new and more radical political environment in Europe. The European Community’s Single European Act of 1985 brought about political and regulatory consequences on the Swissair operations. Among the important repercussions of this new regulation was the deregulation of the fare pricing structure on all international flights which placed emphasis on deep-discount fares. This huge change in the pricing structure led to profitability issues for the Swissair business. In forming global alliances with other international air carrier companies, Swissair found itself in a precarious position of not knowing whether or not the global alliances it formed will help the company weather the upcoming changes in the competitive airline business environment. II. Alternative Course of Action A. Description of Alternative 1 The Swiss Air Transport Co. Ltd should launch its own airline carrier brand apart from Swissair that offers cheap or discounted international flights to cater to the business travellers who are part of the lower end of the market. Since Swissair has a strong financial position, it has the capacity to finance a new airline brand that would take travellers to and from Europe at more affordable airfare rates. However, Swissair must be cautious of maintaining its premium brand image and its excellent customer service so as to differentiate itself from the new airline brand that its mother company will establish. A. 1. Advantages Creating and launching a new airline brand that offers cheaper international flights to and from Europe to other continents will enable Swissair to tap more profitable markets of business travellers who are searching for a more affordable means of travelling around the world. The Swiss Air Transport Co. Ltd will not be able to violate the European Community’s Single European Act of 1985 which includes provisions for deep-discount fares as it will be launching a new carrier with cheaper international fares. A. 2. Disadvantages It would be require a huge amount of investment for the Swiss Air Transport Co. Ltd. to create and launch a new airline brand that offers cheaper international flights. It may take longer time for the Swiss Air Transport Co. Ltd. to respond to the European Community’s Single European Act of 1985 as it would take years to create and launch a new airline brand. Profitability issues may arise from creating and launching a new airline brand that offers cheap airfare rates. B. Description of Alternative 2 Swissair should focus on maintaining its brand reputation of delivering premium quality and excellent customer service that will justify its high airfare price rates. Swissair must do niche marketing to specifically target business and luxury travellers who are not price sensitive and are willing to pay a huge amount of money for a uniquely superior and one of a kind travel experience. B. 1. Advantages By further improving its brand position, Swissair will be able to build a loyal following of customers willing to pay airfare prices at premium. Swissair will eventually own the niche market of business and luxury travellers who prefer a superior and excellent travel experience. Swissair will be able to further improve its current quality and excellent customer service which will make the travel experience of its customers more exciting, fun and memorable. B. 2. Disadvantages Swissair will encounter cost-structure issues with the European Community’s (EC) Single European Act of 1985 and will be required to renegotiate terms with the European ASAs and the representatives of the EC. Swissair’s customer base will be very limited. Sustaining good profit may become an issue in the long run. C. Description of Alternative 3 Swissair must find a way to overhaul its existing cost structure and cut down unnecessary expenses on wages and operations. The Swissair management must assess all the variables affecting the company’s airfare rates and identify which cost areas it must cut down. C. 1. Advantages By cutting down unnecessary costs, the Swissair management may be able to lower down its â€Å"expensive† airfare rates. Lower airfare rates will enable Swissair to tap additional markets of travellers. Profitability issues may potentially be solved through cost-cutting measures. C. 2. Disadvantages The premium image of Swissair may be negatively affected by the cost-cutting measures. The quality of Swissair’s products and customer service may decline as the management will be focused on cutting down all unnecessary costs. VI. Recommended Alternative and Action Plans Based on the analysis above, alternative No. 3 is the best alternative among three alternatives and it should be chosen to implement. Function area Objective Strategies Timeline Budget Marketing Production To negotiate costs of production of every new aircraft and others inputs purchased by Swissair Ensure that Swissair personnel are able to successfully negotiate production costs for the Swissair aircrafts. Within one year Operation Management To cut 10% cost of operation and management The Swissair management must inform all its operations and marketing personnel of the areas where the cost-cutting measures will be applied. Within one year Finance

Free Essays on Law V. Justice

Law v. Justice Throughout the history of man society has defined itself in terms of law and the order law creates. There has, however, always been the notion that laws are a form of justice, and a means of just governance. It is the combination of both law and justice that leads to the social framework we take for granted today. Law has always been the agreed upon rules by which a society abides. While opinions upon whether or not a law is right will vary, there is a general consensus in the just nature of laws. If this consensus is not met, the law is repealed, as was shown in the United States during prohibition. The difficulty here resides in a population with desires that are not just, and laws that reflect that. Justice, on the other hand, is a very abstract concept. Like law, it is a form of social order derived from a mandate from the masses. There is no actual correct definition of justice, but rather it is an agreed upon way of behaving. It means to be fair and true to each other, and to let personal politics stay out of the way of what is truly best for the society as a whole. This is a wonderful theory, but seems to be slightly more difficult when applied to a society. It is the struggle between law, justice, and social order that has led to many of the conflicts of mankind. The current situation in the United States war against terrorism is based on our laws being broken and our social order up heaved by those who believe they are acting justly. It is precisely for this reason that justice cannot be defined and that agreed upon laws and social stipulations must be held in place. If a society were given over to allowing justice to be a personal matter, there would be, for the most part, a state of anarchy. The Oresteia is full of examples of justice. There is a basic social morality that is derived from a general consensus regarding whether or not it is appropriate to kill someone. A murder must be justified by eith... Free Essays on Law V. Justice Free Essays on Law V. Justice Law v. Justice Throughout the history of man society has defined itself in terms of law and the order law creates. There has, however, always been the notion that laws are a form of justice, and a means of just governance. It is the combination of both law and justice that leads to the social framework we take for granted today. Law has always been the agreed upon rules by which a society abides. While opinions upon whether or not a law is right will vary, there is a general consensus in the just nature of laws. If this consensus is not met, the law is repealed, as was shown in the United States during prohibition. The difficulty here resides in a population with desires that are not just, and laws that reflect that. Justice, on the other hand, is a very abstract concept. Like law, it is a form of social order derived from a mandate from the masses. There is no actual correct definition of justice, but rather it is an agreed upon way of behaving. It means to be fair and true to each other, and to let personal politics stay out of the way of what is truly best for the society as a whole. This is a wonderful theory, but seems to be slightly more difficult when applied to a society. It is the struggle between law, justice, and social order that has led to many of the conflicts of mankind. The current situation in the United States war against terrorism is based on our laws being broken and our social order up heaved by those who believe they are acting justly. It is precisely for this reason that justice cannot be defined and that agreed upon laws and social stipulations must be held in place. If a society were given over to allowing justice to be a personal matter, there would be, for the most part, a state of anarchy. The Oresteia is full of examples of justice. There is a basic social morality that is derived from a general consensus regarding whether or not it is appropriate to kill someone. A murder must be justified by eith...

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile Research Paper

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile - Research Paper Example It is thus suggested that assessments of company output, proper dissemination of pros and cons of changes, and even input from all concerned members be taken into account before continuing or discontinuing the improvements in work structure or programs within an organization or company. Â  1. The first year of using Agile at Blue Cloud created a mix of approving, dissenting, and passively uninterested voices, which lead to the confusion of the CEO, Shel Skinner in whether the changes made in the company were proper or not (Spector, 2012). The events were suggesting that the implementation of the new software program may have been rushed, which could have risen from the lack of reviewing Lewin’s process of change. While the changes were made of good intentions for improving the methodology of software development, it might have been that some steps in implementing successful changes in management or in company work protocol have been bypassed, and later caused some dissatisfaction within the group (Paton & McCalman, 2008). Based on the reactions of some employees, it could be possible that the need for changes were not fully explained to some employees, and that the improvements of the old methods versus the new methods may not have been clarified to most emp loyees, especially among those which were more focused on planning than reacting to necessary work modifications. Lastly, employee feedback during the course of the implementation may not have been valued as some commented that there some aspects of the company remained unchanged (Spector, 2012).

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 124

Discussion - Essay Example The website explains how an entrepreneur can maximize the profitability of his or her business. According to the site, cost control is very essential if an entrepreneur needs to maximize profits. The site also analyzes a number of benefits for the business such as ways of improving productivity and growing with confidence as retrieved from http://www.accpac.com. This information is very substantial to all entrepreneurs since it is highlighting some paramount aspects in the business world (ACCPAC, 2015). Choose to save is another website that I reviewed. The site analyzes an efficient way to save as indicated in http://www.choosetosave.org/asec/. This is very essential information to every person who is cautious about the future hence an important site for knowledge purposes (ASEC, 2014). The Ex-Im Bank of USA is another website that was put into consideration. It is not only educative but also interesting after analyzing how it operates. After going through it, as an American entrepreneur one can get essential information that will help him or her to understand how he can obtain assistance from the Ex-Im bank which will in turn improve his or her business as retrieved from http://www.exim.gov/index.cfm. The discussion, therefore, shows how these sites possess essential information. The sites are also dated 2015, showing that they have been recently updated thus the information is up to

Food security in Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Food security in Ghana - Essay Example Government responses to these challenges will also be discussed whereby it will be concluded that a lot of efforts are to be made if food security in Ghana is to be achieved. In general, the purpose of this essay is to discuss global food crises using Ghana as a case study Introduction Food security can be defined as the availability of sustainable food supply accessible to all citizens regardless of their social or economic backgrounds. Unfortunately, it has been observed that a significant number of people worldwide have continued to face food shortages with reports indicating that more than 850 million people are suffering from extreme hunger, which to a greater extent, has been blamed on poverty. It is sad to note that children are the most vulnerable and according to world statistics, more than six million of them are losing their lives every year, translating to approximately 17000 deaths per day (Shaw, 2010). To some extent, food insecurity in the world has been brought about by urbanization whereby people have neglected subsistence farming in rural areas in favor of white collar and technical jobs available in urban areas. It is estimated that 50% of world’s population are currently residing in urban areas, with youths and able bodied men and women leaving the weak and the aged population in the rural areas to participate in food production. This coupled with the rising costs of production especially due to increased fuel prices have contributed significantly in the cost of acquiring food stuff. For example, global wheat prices rose by 56% in September 2010 while the general food price index rose by 17% in the same year (Shaw, 2010). This has forced the management of the Global Food Crisis Response Program to extend its mandate to June 2011, hoping that the situation will have stabilized by then. This essay is a critical evaluation of food security in Ghana. Food Security in Ghana As earlier mentioned, food insecurity is a phenomenon that is cont inuing to pose a challenge for majority of citizens around the world, especially in the underdeveloped as well as the developing countries. A country such as Ghana for example has been facing insufficient food supplies mostly due to the fact that food production is highly based on availability of sufficient rainfall. This has made it a common problem to find that food is produced in large quantities during the rainy season but shortages persist during the dry season especially in the northern part of the country, which suffers drought mostly in the season between the months of February and July (IFAD, n.d). In this context, it has been observed that cultivating grains such as wheat and maize among others, which take a long time to mature, is not viable to the poor farmers and this has necessitated huge importation of grains to sustain their demand. For example, the government imported rice worth $100 million in 2010, with cereal imports supplementing food requirement by 4.7% (Bruce, 2010). However, it has also been observed that communities which are favored with sufficient rainfall to guarantee food production are not assisting much to alleviate the problem. This is due to the fact that the government has failed to invest in storage facilities which, coupled with poverty, force rural farmers to sell their produce immediately after harvesting so as to supplement their financial needs as well as to prevent their food

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Speech Freedom to say what you want To me, the right of freedom of speech in the first amendment or correction in the Constitution is a standout amongst the most significant rights American natives have. It implies that I can voice and express my individual assessments and maintain the first objectives of our administration. To start with, this provides for me the right to voice and convey what needs be wherever and at whatever point I pick, as long as I dont meddle with any other individual Constitutional rights. Second, the United States might be in a to a great degree frail state if nationals didnt have the right to Freedom of speech. Without Freedom of speech in our Bill of Rights, individuals couldnt remain up for what they have confidence in (Kanovitz, 2010). I imagine that if an individual has an idea or point they need to voice they ought to have the ability to without anything remaining in their direction. Besides, not having this right might imply that it might be almost outlandish for specific associations to structure on the grounds that they wouldnt have the capacity to express their perspectives. Additionally, since the United States has the freedom of speech, natives have the capacity to have a bigger voice in their legislature (Kanovitz, 2010). These individuals who voice their conclusions can influence their legislature authorities position on present issues. Freedom of speech is an imperative good on the grounds that it permits presentation toward oneself, and at last gives worth to the single person. I accept that free discourse amplifies past the logos-based contention and I accept that free discourse involves more than that of what Peter guarantees, that there is to be no former control. I accept that the method of reasoning based off of Peter; most satisfactorily speaks to the idea of free discourse. This is on account of Peter is not at all like whatever possible savant; he centers his philosophical establishing on the thought that there is not a flat out destination truth. Diminish avows the thought that if there is no total truth then no two people will recognize esteem and truth in the same way; hence, Peter infers that the reason that we communicate is for our own particular fulfillment toward oneself. Dwindle grounds his convictions on the singular and the esteem that discourse has on him or her. He doesnt accept that Freedom o f speech as well as interpretation is a methods in which people can work to make an aggregate great, or profit social order overall, yet opportunity of discourse is an intends to enhance ones own particular self (singer, 1994). It is my conviction that discourse ought to keep on being ensured under the laws of the Constitution and the Harm Principle in light of the fact that by restricting discourse government will be compelled to comply with what social order esteems to be regularizing practices, subsequently defaming the convictions of the individuals who dont fall under the dominant part. The Harm Principle is dependent upon this conviction that The main reason for which power could be legitimately practiced over any part of a humanized group, without wanting to, will be to avert mischief to others. (Law publish, 2011) I accept that this is amazingly huge on the grounds that it is difficult to control a distinctive feelings; it is inadequate to say that what will terribly insulted one man will likewise horribly irritate an alternate. Since nobody will have the same enthusiastic pain it is difficult to control utilizing any hypothesis that builds its discipline with respect to discourse that insults. I accept that free speech ought to dependably be ensured. It is just when discourse shows an immediate peril that distinct activities ought to be constrained. At last what we need most is the security of people. With a specific end goal to accomplish this it is important to ensure the residents from immediate mischief while additionally taking into account opportunity of outflow to happen. Free discourse eventually gives worth to the distinct notwithstanding if the discourse is disrespectful, rebellious, or passionate as long as it remains peaceful then it ought to remain ensured under the First Amendment (First Amendment in History, 2010). Nonetheless, in cases that do instigate some ethical or physical mischief it is important to take a gander at this nearly; it is essential for the administration to give a forcing motivation to manage or rebuff the discourse. I accept that the regulations that I have actualized ought to be the most extreme measure of regulation on free discourse. This is on account of people ought to have the right to talk their psyche and communicate anyway they need. Government ought not to be permitted to place regulations on representations as long as it doesnt physically impel hurt and the administration does not have the power to limit free-gliding plans. At last the flexibility to convey what needs be is dependent upon the quality of the discourse to the single person. Nonetheless, I dont accept that it is sensible to accept that all nations will utilize my model as a foundation. This is on account of I accept that nearby society will play excessively incredible of a part. In this way, I accept that this model ought to be actualized as an objective for all countries to attain. The base measure of free discourse to be secured might vary from mine (Tueber, 1988). All in all, I accept that freedom of speech is an extremely fundamental piece of our administrations relationship between residents and government authorities. In the event that we didnt have freedom of speech, our administration wouldnt be of the individuals, by the individuals, for the individuals (Monk, 2003); government authorities might be settling on all the choices. To emphasize, Freedom of speech might be something that can help a unique express their idea on something or it can help and singular damage an alternate race/type of individuals without results because of the boundless opportunity of discourse. In the event that Freedom of speech was restricted, it might help control a great deal of separation and the mobs on the grounds that they can get charged for it and be captured. At last, that is the thing that opportunity of discourse intends to me. Works Cited First Amendment in History. (2010). Retrieved from Illinois First Amendment Center: http://www.illinoisfirstamendmentcenter.com/history.php Kanovitz. (2010). Freedom of Speech. New Providence (pp. pp. 42-87). New Jersey: Matthew Bender and Company, Inc. Law publish. (2011). Retrieved from Advertising is Protected by the First Amendment: http://www.lawpublish.com/amend1.html Monk. (2003). First Amendment. Retrieved from Interactive Constitution: http://72.32.50.200/constitution/details_explanation.php?link=120const=08_amd_01 singer, P. (1994). Ethics. Oxford. Tueber. (1988, March). Original Intent or How Does the Constitution Mean? Retrieved from The London Review of Books: http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/origintent.html

Life of Pi :: essays research papers

Having just experienced the sinking of his family’s ship, and being put onto a life boat with only a hyena, Pi felt completely lost and alone. When he sees Richard Parker, the Bengal tiger from his family’s zoo, it is a familiar face to him. His initial reaction is to save the life of his familiar friend so that he may have a companion, and a protector aboard the lifeboat. Suddenly Pi realizes just what he is doing. He is saving the life of Richard Parker, by welcoming him, a 450 pound Bengal tiger, onto the small lifeboat. He experiences a change of heart when helping the tiger onto the boat. Pi realizes that he is now posing a threat on his own life. With Richard Parker on the boat, Pi is faced with not only the fight to survive stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, but the fight to survive living with a meat eating tiger. The change of heart that Pi experiences might possibly mean that he is an impulsive thinker. It may mean that he often does something on im pulse without thinking it through, and then later regrets his actions. How does Pi maintain his religious beliefs while on the boat?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pi maintains his religious beliefs while on the life boat through his daily prayers. He takes time aside each day to say the prayers that he always would say. In one instance, he turns where he believes Mecca is located, and prays his traditional prayers towards Mecca. Pi also often states that he will include specific animals in his prayers, such as the zebra aboard his lifeboat, and the first fish that he ever killed. With Pi keeping his ritual prayers going, it helped him to survive. Life of Pi :: essays research papers Having just experienced the sinking of his family’s ship, and being put onto a life boat with only a hyena, Pi felt completely lost and alone. When he sees Richard Parker, the Bengal tiger from his family’s zoo, it is a familiar face to him. His initial reaction is to save the life of his familiar friend so that he may have a companion, and a protector aboard the lifeboat. Suddenly Pi realizes just what he is doing. He is saving the life of Richard Parker, by welcoming him, a 450 pound Bengal tiger, onto the small lifeboat. He experiences a change of heart when helping the tiger onto the boat. Pi realizes that he is now posing a threat on his own life. With Richard Parker on the boat, Pi is faced with not only the fight to survive stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, but the fight to survive living with a meat eating tiger. The change of heart that Pi experiences might possibly mean that he is an impulsive thinker. It may mean that he often does something on im pulse without thinking it through, and then later regrets his actions. How does Pi maintain his religious beliefs while on the boat?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pi maintains his religious beliefs while on the life boat through his daily prayers. He takes time aside each day to say the prayers that he always would say. In one instance, he turns where he believes Mecca is located, and prays his traditional prayers towards Mecca. Pi also often states that he will include specific animals in his prayers, such as the zebra aboard his lifeboat, and the first fish that he ever killed. With Pi keeping his ritual prayers going, it helped him to survive.

Kim Jong UN Essay

Kim Jong UN could possibly start a terrible nuclear war. This would start if he were to launch an attack on Washington DC. This would then force the United States to launch a counter strike which would be of greater magnitude and probably destroy every last remnants of North Korea, ridding the world of one pathetic and dangerous country. However, all of the world would be recovering from this disaster, Iran will eventually finish its nuclear weapons program. They would then use their first bomb on the United States to show their revenge for their helper, North Korea. The United States would have been much damaged and would have to rely on other countries to launch a counter strike. So then one of the countries part of the United Nations would Nuke Iran and damage that country. In the end, Kim Jong UN would be long dead, but he would have started a tragedy, so far in depth, that would take lifetimes to rebuild. Kim Jong UN’s nuclear war would have a higher death toll than any war in the history of the world. There would be radiation going around in every part of the world. Many nations would be torn apart because of the magnitude of the situation. Although in the end Kim Jong UN wouldn’t actually get away with starting a nuclear war because he would have died along with his pathetic country, he would have started an event that would bring the world to a hard time in which it would consider human annihilation.

Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan Started It All

'Feminine Mystique' by Betty Friedan 'Started It All' The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan, published in 1963, is often seen as the beginning of the women’s liberation movement. It is the most famous of Betty Friedan’s works, and it made her a household name. Feminists of the 1960s and 1970s would later say The Feminine Mystique was the book that â€Å"started it all.† What Is the Mystique? In The Feminine Mystique, Friedan explores the unhappiness of mid-20th century women, describing women’s unhappiness as â€Å"the problem that has no name.† Women felt this sense of depression because they were forced to be subservient to men financially, mentally, physically, and intellectually. The feminine â€Å"mystique† was the idealized image to which women tried to conform despite their lack of fulfillment.   The Feminine Mystique explains that in post-World War II United States life, women were encouraged to be wives, mothers, and housewives- and only wives, mothers, and housewives. This, Friedan says, was a failed social experiment. Relegating women to the â€Å"perfect† housewife or happy homemaker prevented much success and happiness, among the women and, consequently, their families. Friedan writes in the first pages of her book that housewives were asking themselves, â€Å"Is that all?† Why Friedan Wrote the Book Friedan was inspired to write The Feminine Mystique when she attended her Smith College 15-year reunion in the late 1950s. She surveyed her classmates and learned that none of them was happy with the idealized housewife role. However, when she tried to publish the results of her study, women’s magazines refused. She continued working on the problem, the result of her extensive research being The Feminine Mystique in 1963.   In addition to case studies of 1950s women, the book observes that women in the 1930s often had education and careers. It wasnt as if it had never occurred to women over the years to seek personal fulfillment. However, the 1950s were a time of regression: the average age at which women married dropped, and fewer women went to college. Post-war consumer culture spread the myth that fulfillment for women was found in the home, as a wife and mother. Friedan argues that women should develop themselves and their intellectual abilities and fulfill their potential rather than making a â€Å"choice† to be just a housewife. Lasting Effects of 'The Feminine Mystique' The Feminine Mystique became an international bestseller as it launched the second-wave feminist movement. It has sold more than a million copies and been translated into multiple languages. It is a key text in Women’s Studies and U.S. history classes. For years, Friedan toured the United States speaking about The Feminine Mystique and introducing audiences to her groundbreaking work and to feminism. Women have repeatedly described how they felt when reading the book: They saw that they were not alone, and that they could aspire to something more than the life they were being encouraged or even forced to lead. The idea Friedan expresses is that if women escaped the confines of â€Å"traditional† notions of femininity, they could then truly enjoy being women. Quotes from 'The Feminine Mystique' Here are some memorable passages from the book: â€Å"Over and over again, stories in womens magazines insist that women can know fulfillment only at the moment of giving birth to a child. They deny the years when she can no longer look forward to giving birth, even if she repeats the act over and over again. In the feminine mystique, there is no other way for a woman to dream of creation or of the future. There is no other way she can even dream about herself, except as her childrens mother, her husbands wife.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The only way for a woman, as for a man, to find herself, to know herself as a person, is by creative work of her own.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"When one begins to think about it, America depends rather heavily on womens passive dependence, their femininity. Femininity, if one still wants to call it that, makes American women a target and a victim of the sexual sell.†The cadences of the Seneca Falls Declaration came straight from the Declaration of Independence: When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that they have hitherto occupied. . . . We hold these truths to be self-evident:that all men and women are created equal.†

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample Lifeboat Ethics Essay When we say lifeboat, this is pertaining to a metaphor that is focused on the significance of providing a humanitarian way of helping other individuals. This is an ethical situation of saving other individuals whenever they need something significant to improve their lifestyle. The ethical issue of lifeboat is focused on providing sustainability for the marginalized sectors of the population. These are the minorities who have scarce or no resources in order to sustain their longevity or productivity in the society. Lifeboat pertains to the growing problems of poverty in our society, which means that government institutions are stepping up to prevent people from migrating to other countries that are undocumented. This is because it could risk their lives by being exposed to criminal and terrorist elements of the society. Lifeboat is referred to a situation wherein there is an inevitable amount of population experiencing the cruelest way of living their life to the fullest terms. The reason behind is that they are unable to secure a life that should have been an important factor of being productive. The ethical norm in this situation is halted because they were not given proper social welfare sustainability by the local government unit. One major issue is a financial status of the country wherein it is brought about by low economic development. The economic integrity of a nation has been essentially hampering minority groups to receive the rightful care in order to survive. This means that minority groups were ethically deprived because there is a lesser amount of subsidies provided by the local government unit as a way to promote their welfare and integrity as a member of the population. There are scenarios wherein lifeboat ethics has been tarnished by several government institutions. One example is the transcontinental migration of Africans to flee from their violent community towards Europe. Similarly with the Latin American migrants that are moving from their violent and corrupt societies from South and Central America towards the United States to pursue a better lifestyle. Affected members of the population have one major goal, which is to seek a better life as well as to have a greener pasture. Some Asian countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia are also seeking asylum after arriving in Australia from their countries to have a better future to a land that is peaceful without any risk of being harmed. The problem with these migrants is the threat of terrorism because there are other members of the terrorist organizations that are posing as migrants to reach their target countries and then will start terrorist campaigns. The ethical dilemma of lifeboat circumstances is the ability of the law enforcement agencies to produce abusive practices towards the migrants that best represents a lifeboat ethics. The reason behind is that some migrants were thought to be members of a criminal organization or terrorist group basing their tattoos or the Islamic names that could pose a risk to the security of the society. Physical abuse, torture, illegal detention, and executions of presumed terrorist or members of criminal organizations were usually being applied by government forces in the United States, European Union, and Australia. As a result, human rights were violated as a result of these abusive practices that have led to public scandal due to an inhuman practice towards undocumented immigrants (Doleac Stein, 2013). Reference Doleac, Jennifer L. Stein, Luke C.D. (2013).  The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes.  The Economic Journal.  123  (572): F469–F492.

Planning functions of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning functions of management - Essay Example However, Nestle usually plans for some period of time. Three to five years are more typical planning horizons. As one of the most important functions of management, planning process is based on stipulated criteria and procedures which have a great impact on planning processes. Criteria such as reduced cost, improved quality, improved sense of direction, better teamwork, and improved service delivery might be used. The timing of any evaluations should also be considered. In Nestle, the plan involves deciding upon how resources will be used to help the organization achieve its strategic goals. It relies more on past records and involves shorter time periods. Present conditions are usually dominant in the planner's mind when the organization initiates a plan and these may be overstressed. Also, many events are obviously unforeseen, but planning can be aided by techniques giving suggested probabilities of events taking place (Bateman, Snell 2004). In Nestle, a special attention is given to product quality and product standards. This policy is important because Nestle produces a wide range of food products from coffee, beverages and ice-cram to infant food and pet food. The responsibility of companies in food industry is to analyze social conditions and possible threats of their products for potential consumers. They should be well aware of regulation changes and should not sell a product which can be injurious to health. In order to meet high standards and quality, Nestle constricts its activities according to legal regulations and requirements stipulated by EU for European countries. Also, planning process include analysis of the macro-environment (e.g., economic trends, inflation, changes in citizen needs, changing demographics, etc.), the government environment (especially changing federalism and state government trends), the competitive environment (the present and potential competition, particularly as related to economic development), the citizen environment (what the service user says), and the organization's internal environment (e.g., is there antiquated technology, high turnover, many people planning to retire soon) (Boone, Kurtz, 1992). Environmental scanning will also identify a variety of factors, both internal and external to Nestle, to be considered as part of the planning process. In fact, one of the benefits of planning is that an organization will gain a better understanding of how environmental scanning should be done and be able to manage more effectively as a result. Factors to be considered as part of the macro-environmental scanning process include social factors such as demographics, financial factors such as interest rates, and political factors such as increasing government deregulation, changing federalism and state government's trends, and regulations (Campbell, 1997). Among the factors to be considered as part of the government environment are the number and locations of other governments, the degree of federal and state government presence, the typical services being provided, and the marketing strategies of other competitive local governments. Ethics and corporate social responsibilities affect all decisions and plans developed and introduced by the company. From the very beginning, Nestle clearly informs customers about threats and possible impact of products. Ethical guidelines and social responsibi

Academic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Academic paper - Essay Example These common images of nursing contribute to the willingness of students to enter nursing programs. Some consider that the nursing shortage that has existed from 1998 (Seago, 2004) has been caused by the negative image the public sometimes has of nurses. Therefore, public images of nursing have consequences in many areas of society. As the public has its images of nursing and what it means to be a nurse, youth are influenced by those ideas. What students believe of nurses will alter their desires to enter the nursing field. This, in turn, contributes to the shortage of nurses in the United States. Of students who choose to enter the nursing field, often their images of nursing change as they enter clinicals (Sand-Jecklin). Nursing students hold images of nursing that evolve, while students who leave nursing programs maintain the stereotype that they’d had previously. This seen, it is obvious that in order to break stereotypes of nursing, one must actually be a nurse and encounter a nurses’ experiences. It is difficult to change society’s perception of nursing. In terms of nursing students, it has been shown that their ideals, stereotypes, and impressions of nursing alter with their experience. Sand-Jecklin studied demographic data of 150 nursing students. Their motivations for entering the nursing field were reported. Twelve percent chose nursing for the variety of positions the profession entails; other reasons were job security, salary, and challenging career. Across the literature, findings show that among the positive perceptions of nursing, mainly found from studies on nursing students, are job opportunity and salary. An aspect of Dr. Sand-Jecklin’s study that gauged the public perception of nursing was the report the perceptions students have of nursing prior to entering nursing programs. Most often, students entered nursing programs with altruistic reasons. This phenomenon is often